STEPS OF INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

Meaning of Instructional System:

Anything that works independently is a system. The various elements in a system are associated and based upon each other step-wise. a system that is created for instruction and which is dedicated to instruction is known as an instructional system.

"An instructional system is defined as an integrated set of  methods, media equipment and personnel performing efficiently the functions required to accomplish one or more training objectives."

- Smith

Steps of Instructional System Development:
There are ten steps involved i the development of the instructional system. These steps are mentioned below: 

Steps of instructional system

1. Identifying the Problem: For the implementation of an instructional system, it is important to first verify the reasons for doing so. This means that the teacher should be exactly aware of the problem. The problem must first be identified and then a proper method can be used to eliminate it. Thus, for system implementation, it is essential to have exact knowledge about the problem.
2. Studying the Existing Techniques: It is very important to know which popular technique can be used for a given problem. The various components which are expected to be analysed while studying the popular techniques are the human and surrounding factors that are involved in this technique, the various problems faced while using it and the goals that can be achieved with the help of a given technique and which goals are needed etc.
3. Deciding the Technique of Instruction: The planning of the human and surrounding factors, their working, methods, required time and goals have to be thought about so that the technique for the instructional system can be decided. The technique can be decided by properly co-ordinating the essential elements required in it.
4. Goal Identification: To solved a problem, it is essential to decide the expected goals. Goal identification means to decide what is to be achieved by the expected technique and not the popular method. In this step, it is expected that the parameters on which the goal is set and their clarification be given.
5. Searching a Method for the System: To achieve the goal that has been decided which ways, methods, techniques, means and tools will be used, their usefulness, contemplating about other more useful methods and implementing the different methods in a restricted instructional system can be thought of and the expected method can be decided.
6. Development of an Instructional System: A grid is formed at this stage with the help of the findings of the earlier steps comprising identifying the problem, studying the existing techniques, deciding the technique of instruction, goal identification and searching a method for the system. A sample of the instructional system is prepared. Therefore, this step is known as the development of an instructional system.
7. Guiding Study: If the instructional system is implemented on a small scale before being used on a large scale, then the problems, defects and limitation faced while implementation can be identified. Also, it can be verified how far the expected goals have been fulfilled. Thus, the changes required for the proper achievement of the goals set can be formulated after conducting a guiding study.
8. Actual Implementation: In this stage, the finalised instructional system can be implemented on a large scale. The instructional system can be verified by using the exact technique decided upon and by collecting information through the proper means.
9. Analysis of Instructional System: Once the instructional system has been implemented and after analysing the information collected through testing and verifying it, a conclusion can be drawn about the successful implementation of the technique.
10. Implementation of the Instructional System: If the decided goal is achieved through a particular instructional system, i.e. after the success of the instructional system; it can be used universally and it is spread to and popularized on a large scale.

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MEANING OF AN INSTRUCTION

Introduction:

A system is a group of objects related to or interacting so as to form an unit.

Instructional: A series of procedures and events designed to aid learning and achieve measurable objectives is instruction. The coming together of the two systematic components of system and instruction is known as an instructional system.

     Teachers perform systematic teaching being motivated by specific motives to achieve the expected goals of the teaching procedure. This is known as instruction.

     To achieve the desired goals, the means, techniques and methods are constantly changed and then used. This procedure is known as system updation. Through system updation, the necessary changes and improvements are made in the instruction.

Meaning of Instruction:

Teaching in the classroom, the student's study and the interaction between the teacher and students are all actions that are included in instruction. Instruction also includes the teacher's teaching and the student's learning. This means that having a conducive environment for teaching is instruction.

     In a school, the teachers, the students, the syllabus, the textbooks, the various tools used for teaching and the examinations are all elements simultaneously working towards the achievement of a defined goal, which is known as a system.

       Instruction is a well-planned activity which helps in creating an environment which is conducive for the teaching-learning process. The technique is to create a conducive environment for achieving a specific goal while teaching, which results in moulding the nature of the students. Thus, it can be said that, instruction means handling the classroom situation properly and in such a way that it results in the desired goal.

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CHARACTERISTIC OF A SYSTEM

1. The components of a system are interrelated:- 

System has its own style of functioning and it is made of various components. These various components are interrelated and work in a particular way. Hence, system is called as a group of a divers units functioning in a proper manner.

2. Every system is a part of the Natural System:- 

Elements in the system orderly work. Though a system is comprise of many other sub system, it is ultimately is a part of the Natural System. For eg- Human body is a system which contains the sub system such as circulatory system, digestive system, nervous system etc. Ultimately, the human body is a part of natural system.

3. The main components of system are input, process, output:-

For eg- for making pots, the potter provides input i.e. raw material (clay, water) then he subject the raw materials to a particular process and then he gets a pot of desired shape and size.

4. System is a relative concept:- 

For eg, man is a system. But man can be studied as a sub system when we considered a bigger system such as society on nature.

5. System may be closed or open:- 

In closed system, new information on changes cannot be accepted. It is dependent on other system. For example, car is a closed system and it cannot be driven without a driver. It cannot change its speed and direction independently. Open system accepts new information and changes. for example, classroom teaching is an open system. Teacher can adopt new techniques of teaching and he can make appropriate changes in his teaching according to the feedback given by the students.

6. Every system has objectives:- 

System is generated to achieve some objectives. In the system, input is converted into output by means of a process. Efficiency of any system is decided on the basis of extent of the target it has achieved.

7. Every system encounters problems:- 

System is working in an environment. Hence, it is inevitable to face external barriers. Sometimes, the components of the system itself do not support the system thus affect the output. However, The system can be analyzed to identify the problems that can be solved.

8. There are alternative means in the system:- 

While organizing the system, the organizer is aware of the possible difficulties and he plans for the alternative processes. For example, a computerized test is administrated to the students. If a computer is not available, a teacher has to do the assessment work manually or he can appoint a trained person for the same. Thus, the alternative means have to be considered in order to solve the problems in the system.

9. Feedback improves the system

10. System is representative and of cyclic nature.

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MEANING AND DEFINITION OF SYSTEM

Introduction:

Use of latest technology is indispensable in modern life. Technology enhances speed and accuracy in work and also improves the quality of work. In the industrial sector advanced technology is adopted immediately. However, in education, there is a negative attitude in adopting anything new. The same thing is experienced in case of Information and Communication Technology. However, this subject and its practical work has become an indispensable part. The complex and rigid process of teaching learning can be made qualitative and interesting with the help of technology. System approach has its origin in management for the study of system approach, it is essential to understand its system, working, characteristics and principles.

Meaning of System:

The popular meaning of 'System' is as mentioned below-

"System is an assemblage of objects united by some form of regular interaction or interdependence; an organic or organized whole; as the solar system or new telegraph system."

The Webster's dictionary defines it as, "Systems is a group of objects related or interacting so as to form a unity."

According to the meanings given above, the different components of a system are clubbed together through specific methods and rules. For example, all the living organisms in the universe like animals, vegetation, human beings etc. are satisfying each others needs and dependent on each other. In the human body, the respiratory system, the digestive system and the circulation system all work together in co-ordination to form a system, i.e. the human body. There is co-ordination and inter-connectivity between the different components of these systems. Their work is dependent on and satisfying for each other. Also, they cannot work without each others co-operation. Many actions that are correlated are performed together and the expected outcomes are achieved skilfully and effectively.

Definition of System:

System has its own style of functioning and it is made up of various components. System is defined by different experts in the following manner.

"Systems is a group of objects related or interacting so as to form a unity."

- Webster's                        

"Any arrangement or combination as of parts or elements in a whole."

- Bertalanffy                            

"A system is a set of interrelated elements."

- Ackoff                                                                         

"A system is an orderly arrangement of elements which works in a particular way, it can be a living organization or a cosmic phenomenon."

- Robb                                                                                 

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